A “hash” is a fixed-length alphanumeric code that is used to represent words, messages and data of any length. Crypto projects use a variety of different hashing algorithms to create different. Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies Allah.And He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise. He it is Who drove out the disbelievers among the people of the Scripture (i.e. The Jews of the tribe of Bani An-Nadir) from their homes at the first gathering.

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Quran Translation Surah Al-Hashr in English. This is the chapter #59 of the Holy Quran was revealed in Madani and there are 24 verses. Duaas from Surah Al-Hashr & Mumtahinah. Duaas from Surah Al-Kahf & Surah Ta-Ha. Duaas from Surah Al-Mu`minun. Duaas from Surah Al-Qasas & Ankabut.

Sūra al-Ḥashr is the fifty-ninth sura of the Qur'an. It is a Madani sura located in juz' twenty eight. The name of sura is adopted from the second verse which mentions the exile of Jews from Medina. Sura al-Hashr begins with the praise of God and ends with His glorification. The topics mentioned in this sura are defeat of the Jews of Banu Nadir by Muslims, the rulings about distribution of properties and booties Muslims gained without war, criticism of hypocrites and disclosing their actions, description and admiration of the Immigrants' sacrifices.

It is mentioned in hadiths that when a person recites Sura al-Hashr, all creatures praise him and send blessings upon him and ask for his forgiveness and if he dies that day or that night, he will be considered a martyr.

Introduction

• Naming

This sura is called al-Hashr because in the second verse, it speaks of 'al-hashr', i.e. the time of moving and exile of the mass of Jews of Banu Nadir who fought Muslims and broke their treaty. Thus, another name of this sura is 'Banu Nadir'.^[1]

• Order and Place of Revelation

Sura al-Hashr is among Madani suras. It is the 101st sura revealed to the Prophet (s). This sura is fifty-ninth sura in the current compilation of the Qur'an^[2] which is located in juz' twenty eighth.

• Number of Verses and Other Features

Sura al-Hashr has twenty four verses, 448 words, and 971 letters. This sura is among mufassalat regarding length and is about half a hizb. This sura is among musabbihat suras.^[3]

Content

Sura al-Hashr begins with the praise of God^[4], and toward the end of the sura, in the last verses, the attributes of beauty and majesty of God and great and beautiful names of God are mentioned.^[5]

The following issues are mentioned in this sura:

• Story of the Jews of Banu Nadir and their defeat from Muslims and their exile,
• Rulings of distribution of the properties and booties Muslims gain without war,
• Criticism of hypocrites and disclosing their actions,
• Description and admiration of the Immigrants' sacrifices. There is a special relationship between the beginning and end of the Sura al-Hashr; as it begins with the praise of God and ends with it.^[6]

Historical References

Sura al-Hashr mentions the defeat of Jews of Banu Nadir by Muslims and their exile in verse two^[8] and the false promise of hypocrites' support for Jews in verses eleven and twelve^[9].

Context of Revelation

When the Prophet (s) immigrated to Medina, made treaties with the Jews there, i.e. Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayda and Banu Qaynuqa' tribes. But, Banu Nadir broke the treaty by making some plots including the following ones:

1. Alliance of Ka'b b. Ashraf (the chief of Jews) with Abu Sufyan for killing the Prophet (s) after the Battle of Uhud, the Prophet (s) received the news of which through revelation.
2. Plot of 'Amr b. Jihash of Banu Nadir for the assassination of the Prophet (s).
3. Composing satirical poems and insulting the Prophet (s).

After all these plots, an army of Muslims besieged the strong fortress of Banu Nadir for several days and set the palms around the fortress on fire and destroyed them; so, Jews had to surrender and Muslims won without war. After this victory, the Prophet (s) suggested that the Jews leave Medina and take some of their properties and a part of them were destroyed. Some of Jews went to Adhra'at of Syria and few of them went to Khaybar and al-Hira.^[10] (See: Battle of Banu Nadir)

Merits and Benefits

It is narrated from the Prophet (s) that, 'everyone who recites Sura al-Hashr, the paradise, the hell, the Throne and the Seat and their veils, the seven skies and the seven earths, the air, winds, birds, trees, mountains, the sun, the moon, and angels praise him and send blessings upon him and ask for his forgiveness and if he dies that day or that night, he will be considered as a martyr.'^[11] It is narrated from Imam al-Sadiq (a) that, 'everyone recites suras, al-Rahman and al-Hashr toward the evening, God will order an angel to guard him until the next morning.'^[12]

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Notes

1. ↑Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1254-1255.
2. ↑Maʿrifat, Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān, vol. 1, p. 168.
3. ↑Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1254-1255.
4. ↑Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Allah and whatever there is in the earth, and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise. (Qur'an 59:1)
5. ↑He is Allah—there is no god except Him— Knower of the sensible and the Unseen, He is the All-beneficent, the All-merciful. (22) He is Allah—there is no god except Him— the Sovereign, the All-holy, the All-benign, the Securer, the All-conserver, the All-mighty, the All-compeller, the All-magnanimous. Clear is Allah of any partners that they may ascribe [to Him]! (23) He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Former. To Him belong the Best Names. Whatever there is in the heavens glorifies Him and [whatever there is in] the earth, and He is the All-mighty, the All-wise. (Qur'an 59:22-24)
6. ↑Khurramshāhī, Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān, vol. 2, p. 1257.
7. ↑Khamagar, Muhammad, Sakhtar-i suraha-yi Qur'an-i karim, Mu'assisa-yi Farhangi-yi Qur'an wa 'Itrat-i Nur al-Thaqalayn, Qom: Nashra, ed.1, 1392 Sh.
8. ↑It is He who expelled the faithless belonging to the People of the Book from their homes at the outset of [their] en masse banishment. You did not think that they would go out, and they thought their fortresses would protect them from Allah. But Allah came at them from whence they did not reckon and He cast terror into their hearts. They demolish their houses with their own hands and the hands of the faithful. So take lesson, O you who have insight! (Qur'an 59:2)
9. ↑Have you not regarded the hypocrites who say to their brethren, the faithless from among the People of the Book: 'If you are expelled, we will surely go out with you, and we will never obey anyone against you, and if you are fought against we will surely help you,' and Allah bears witness that they are indeed liars. (11) Surely, if they were expelled they would not go out with them, and if they were fought against they would not help them, and were they to help them they would surely turn their backs [to flee] and then they would not be helped. (Qur'an 59:11-12)
10. ↑Makārim Shīrāzī, Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 5, p. 132-133.
11. ↑Ṣadūq, Thawāb al-aʿmāl, p. 117.
12. ↑Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 9, p. 384.

References

• Khurramshāhī, Bahāʾ al-Dīn. Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān wa Qurʾān pazhūhī. Tehran: Dūstān-Nāhīd, 1377 Sh.
• Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna. Edited by Aḥmad ʿAlī Bābāyī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1382 Sh.
• Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān. [n.p]: Markaz Chāp wa Nashr-i Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt, 1371 Sh.
• Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. Thawāb al-aʿmāl wa ʿiqāb al-aʿmāl. Edited by Muḥammad Riḍā Anṣārī. Qom: Nasīm-i Kawthar, 1382 Sh.
• Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1406 AH.

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Al-Hashr (Arabic: الحشر‎, 'The Exile') is the 59th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an and has 24 verses. The chapter is named al-hashr because the word hashr, meaning 'exile' or 'banishment', appears in verse 2, describing the expulsion of Jewish Banu Nadir tribe from their settlements. The surah features 15 attributes of God in the last three verses. A similitude is given in verse 21. Verse 6 may be related to the controversies of the land of Fadak.

Summary[edit]

• 1 Everything in the universe praiseth God
• 2-5 Passage relating to the expulsion of the Baní Nadhír
• 6-7 Ruling of Muhammad concerning spoils
• 8-10 Special ruling for the benefit of the Muhájirín
• 11-17 Hypocrites in Madína reproved for treachery
• 18-20 Muslims exhorted to fear God
• 21 Had the Quran descended on a mountain, it would have split asunder
• 22-24 God hath excellent names, and he only to be worshipped ^[1]

Exegesis[edit]

Surah Al-Hashr opens with God proclaiming: 1 Whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth glorifies God. And He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.

In Tafsir ibn kathir, Al-Hafiz ibn Kathir explained the significance of the Ayah. He wrote: “Everything glorifies God in its own way. God states that everything that exists in the heavens and on the earth praises, glorifies, reveres and prays to Him and affirms His Oneness.' Further, God said in another Ayah: The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise. But you understand not their glorification (Q17:44)^[2]

Ali, the cousin of Muhammad, narrates about the following verse: 7 Whatever God grants to His Messenger (out of the property) of the people of the towns, belongs to God, the Messenger, the kinsfolk, the orphans, the destitute . . . saying that 'We are the Ahl al-Bayt (kinsfolk) and this applies to such persons from us exclusively. It is the way God has honored His Holy Prophet and has honored us instead of providing us the unlawful things in the hands of people'.^[3]

The last four Ayah and commentary by ibn Kathir read:

21 Had We sent down this Qur’an on a mountain, you would surely have seen it humbling itself and rent asunder by the fear of God. Such are the parables which We put forward to mankind that they may reflect.

Commenting on Ayah 21, Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir wrote: “God the Exalted emphasizes the greatness of the Qur’an, its high status and of being worthy of making hearts humble and rent asunder upon hearing it, because of the true promises and sure threats that it contains.'

22 He is God, beside Whom La ilaha illa Huwa, the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen. He is the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Commenting on Ayah 22, Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir wrote:

“Godstates that He Alone is worthy of worship, there is no Lord or God for the existence, except Him. All that is being worshiped instead of God are false deities. God is the All-Knower in the unseen and the seen, He knows all that pertains to the creations that we see, and those we cannot see. Nothing in heaven or on earth ever escapes His knowledge, no matter how great or insignificant, big or small, including ants in darkness.“God’s statement, ‘He is the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful’ . . . asserts that God is the Owner of the wide encompassing mercy that entails all of His creation. He is Ar-Rahman and Ar-Rahim of this life and of the Hereafter.”

23 He is God, beside Whom lā ilaha illā-llah, Al-Malik, Al-Quddus, As-Salam, Al-Mu’min, Al-Muhaymin, Al-Aziz, Al-Jabbar, Al-Mutakabbir. Glory be to God! Above all that they associate as partners with Him.

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Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir then set out the meaning of God's Names that are listed in Ayah 23. He wrote that Al Malik means 'The Owner and King of all things, Who has full power over them without resistance or hindrance'. He explained that Al-Quddus, means '‘The Pure’, according to Wahb bin Munabbih, while Mujahid and Qatadah said that Al-Quddus means ‘The Blessed’. Ibn Jurayj said that Al-Quddus means ‘He whom the honorable angels glorify'.' As-Salam, means 'Free from any defects or shortcomings that lessen or decrease His perfect attributes and actions' while Al-Mu’min means one 'Who has granted safety to His servants by promising that He will never be unjust to them. According to Ad-Dahhak who reported it from Abd Allah ibn Abbas. Qatadah said that Al-Mu’min means that ‘God affirms that His statements are true’, while Ibn Zayd said that it means, ‘He attested to His faithful servants’ having faith in Him. Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir noted that Al-Muhaymin meant, according to Ibn ‘Abbas and others, ‘The Witness for His servants actions’, that is the Ever-Watcher over them.

Al-Aziz means 'He is the Almighty, Dominant over all things. Therefore, His majesty is never violated, due to His might, greatness, irresistible power and pride'. Al-Jabbar, Al-Mutakabbir means 'The Only One worthy of being the Compeller and Supreme. There is a Hadith in the Sahih Collection in which God said: ‘Might is my Izar and pride is My Rida; if anyone disputes any one of them with Me, then I will punish him.’”

24 He is God, Al-Khaliq, Al-Bari and Al-Musawwir. To Him belongs the Best Names. All that is in the heavens and the earth glorify Him. And He is the Almighty, the All-Wise.

Commenting on Ayah 24 Al-Hafiz Ibn Kathir wrote: 'Al-Khaliq refers to measuring and proportioning, Al-Bari refers to inventing and bringing into existence What he has created and measured. Surely, none except God is able to measure, bring forth and create whatever He wills to come to existence. God’s statement, Al-Khaliq, Al-Bari, Al-Musawwir means, if God wills something, He merely says to it ‘be’ and it comes to existence in the form that He wills and the shape He chooses.”^[4]

References[edit]

1. ^Wherry, Elwood Morris (1896). A Complete Index to Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co.This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
2. ^Ibn Kathir, Al-Hafiz. Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Vol 9 Abridged English July 2003 2nd ed.). Riyadh: Darussalam. pp. 542–543.
3. ^Al-Kulayni, Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Ya’qub (2015). Kitab al-Kafi. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. ISBN9780991430864.
4. ^Ibn Kathir, Al-Hafiz. Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Vol 9 Abridged English July 2003 2nd ed.). Riyadh: Darussalam. pp. 575–581.

• Works related to The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/59. The Banishment at Wikisource

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